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d288a162dd1c73507da582966f17dd226e34a0c0
linux_media/include/net/dst.h
Wangyang Guo d288a162dd net: dst: Prevent false sharing vs. dst_entry:: __refcnt 
dst_entry::__refcnt is highly contended in scenarios where many connections
happen from and to the same IP. The reference count is an atomic_t, so the
reference count operations have to take the cache-line exclusive.

Aside of the unavoidable reference count contention there is another
significant problem which is caused by that: False sharing.

perf top identified two affected read accesses. dst_entry::lwtstate and
rtable::rt_genid.

dst_entry:__refcnt is located at offset 64 of dst_entry, which puts it into
a seperate cacheline vs. the read mostly members located at the beginning
of the struct.

That prevents false sharing vs. the struct members in the first 64
bytes of the structure, but there is also

  dst_entry::lwtstate

which is located after the reference count and in the same cache line. This
member is read after a reference count has been acquired.

struct rtable embeds a struct dst_entry at offset 0. struct dst_entry has a
size of 112 bytes, which means that the struct members of rtable which
follow the dst member share the same cache line as dst_entry::__refcnt.
Especially

  rtable::rt_genid

is also read by the contexts which have a reference count acquired
already.

When dst_entry:__refcnt is incremented or decremented via an atomic
operation these read accesses stall. This was found when analysing the
memtier benchmark in 1:100 mode, which amplifies the problem extremly.

Move the rt[6i]_uncached[_list] members out of struct rtable and struct
rt6_info into struct dst_entry to provide padding and move the lwtstate
member after that so it ends up in the same cache line.

The resulting improvement depends on the micro-architecture and the number
of CPUs. It ranges from +20% to +120% with a localhost memtier/memcached
benchmark.

[ tglx: Rearrange struct ]

Signed-off-by: Wangyang Guo <wangyang.guo@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230323102800.042297517@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2023-03-28 18:52:22 -07:00

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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
/*
* net/dst.h Protocol independent destination cache definitions.
*
* Authors: Alexey Kuznetsov, <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>
*
*/
#ifndef _NET_DST_H
#define _NET_DST_H
#include <net/dst_ops.h>
#include <linux/netdevice.h>
#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/refcount.h>
#include <net/neighbour.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>
#include <linux/indirect_call_wrapper.h>
struct sk_buff;
struct dst_entry {
struct net_device *dev;
struct dst_ops *ops;
unsigned long _metrics;
unsigned long expires;
#ifdef CONFIG_XFRM
struct xfrm_state *xfrm;
#else
void *__pad1;
#endif
int (*input)(struct sk_buff *);
int (*output)(struct net *net, struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb);
unsigned short flags;
#define DST_NOXFRM 0x0002
#define DST_NOPOLICY 0x0004
#define DST_NOCOUNT 0x0008
#define DST_FAKE_RTABLE 0x0010
#define DST_XFRM_TUNNEL 0x0020
#define DST_XFRM_QUEUE 0x0040
#define DST_METADATA 0x0080
/* A non-zero value of dst->obsolete forces by-hand validation
* of the route entry. Positive values are set by the generic
* dst layer to indicate that the entry has been forcefully
* destroyed.
*
* Negative values are used by the implementation layer code to
* force invocation of the dst_ops->check() method.
*/
short obsolete;
#define DST_OBSOLETE_NONE 0
#define DST_OBSOLETE_DEAD 2
#define DST_OBSOLETE_FORCE_CHK -1
#define DST_OBSOLETE_KILL -2
unsigned short header_len; /* more space at head required */
unsigned short trailer_len; /* space to reserve at tail */
/*
* __refcnt wants to be on a different cache line from
* input/output/ops or performance tanks badly
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
atomic_t __refcnt; /* 64-bit offset 64 */
#endif
int __use;
unsigned long lastuse;
struct rcu_head rcu_head;
short error;
short __pad;
__u32 tclassid;
#ifndef CONFIG_64BIT
struct lwtunnel_state *lwtstate;
atomic_t __refcnt; /* 32-bit offset 64 */
#endif
netdevice_tracker dev_tracker;
/*
* Used by rtable and rt6_info. Moves lwtstate into the next cache
* line on 64bit so that lwtstate does not cause false sharing with
* __refcnt under contention of __refcnt. This also puts the
* frequently accessed members of rtable and rt6_info out of the
* __refcnt cache line.
*/
struct list_head rt_uncached;
struct uncached_list *rt_uncached_list;
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
struct lwtunnel_state *lwtstate;
#endif
};
struct dst_metrics {
u32 metrics[RTAX_MAX];
refcount_t refcnt;
} __aligned(4); /* Low pointer bits contain DST_METRICS_FLAGS */
extern const struct dst_metrics dst_default_metrics;
u32 *dst_cow_metrics_generic(struct dst_entry *dst, unsigned long old);
#define DST_METRICS_READ_ONLY 0x1UL
#define DST_METRICS_REFCOUNTED 0x2UL
#define DST_METRICS_FLAGS 0x3UL
#define __DST_METRICS_PTR(Y) \
((u32 *)((Y) & ~DST_METRICS_FLAGS))
#define DST_METRICS_PTR(X) __DST_METRICS_PTR((X)->_metrics)
static inline bool dst_metrics_read_only(const struct dst_entry *dst)
{
return dst->_metrics & DST_METRICS_READ_ONLY;
}
void __dst_destroy_metrics_generic(struct dst_entry *dst, unsigned long old);
static inline void dst_destroy_metrics_generic(struct dst_entry *dst)
{
unsigned long val = dst->_metrics;
if (!(val & DST_METRICS_READ_ONLY))
__dst_destroy_metrics_generic(dst, val);
}
static inline u32 *dst_metrics_write_ptr(struct dst_entry *dst)
{
unsigned long p = dst->_metrics;
BUG_ON(!p);
if (p & DST_METRICS_READ_ONLY)
return dst->ops->cow_metrics(dst, p);
return __DST_METRICS_PTR(p);
}
/* This may only be invoked before the entry has reached global
* visibility.
*/
static inline void dst_init_metrics(struct dst_entry *dst,
const u32 *src_metrics,
bool read_only)
{
dst->_metrics = ((unsigned long) src_metrics) |
(read_only ? DST_METRICS_READ_ONLY : 0);
}
static inline void dst_copy_metrics(struct dst_entry *dest, const struct dst_entry *src)
{
u32 *dst_metrics = dst_metrics_write_ptr(dest);
if (dst_metrics) {
u32 *src_metrics = DST_METRICS_PTR(src);
memcpy(dst_metrics, src_metrics, RTAX_MAX * sizeof(u32));
}
}
static inline u32 *dst_metrics_ptr(struct dst_entry *dst)
{
return DST_METRICS_PTR(dst);
}
static inline u32
dst_metric_raw(const struct dst_entry *dst, const int metric)
{
u32 *p = DST_METRICS_PTR(dst);
return p[metric-1];
}
static inline u32
dst_metric(const struct dst_entry *dst, const int metric)
{
WARN_ON_ONCE(metric == RTAX_HOPLIMIT ||
metric == RTAX_ADVMSS ||
metric == RTAX_MTU);
return dst_metric_raw(dst, metric);
}
static inline u32
dst_metric_advmss(const struct dst_entry *dst)
{
u32 advmss = dst_metric_raw(dst, RTAX_ADVMSS);
if (!advmss)
advmss = dst->ops->default_advmss(dst);
return advmss;
}
static inline void dst_metric_set(struct dst_entry *dst, int metric, u32 val)
{
u32 *p = dst_metrics_write_ptr(dst);
if (p)
p[metric-1] = val;
}
/* Kernel-internal feature bits that are unallocated in user space. */
#define DST_FEATURE_ECN_CA (1U << 31)
#define DST_FEATURE_MASK (DST_FEATURE_ECN_CA)
#define DST_FEATURE_ECN_MASK (DST_FEATURE_ECN_CA | RTAX_FEATURE_ECN)
static inline u32
dst_feature(const struct dst_entry *dst, u32 feature)
{
return dst_metric(dst, RTAX_FEATURES) & feature;
}
INDIRECT_CALLABLE_DECLARE(unsigned int ip6_mtu(const struct dst_entry *));
INDIRECT_CALLABLE_DECLARE(unsigned int ipv4_mtu(const struct dst_entry *));
static inline u32 dst_mtu(const struct dst_entry *dst)
{
return INDIRECT_CALL_INET(dst->ops->mtu, ip6_mtu, ipv4_mtu, dst);
}
/* RTT metrics are stored in milliseconds for user ABI, but used as jiffies */
static inline unsigned long dst_metric_rtt(const struct dst_entry *dst, int metric)
{
return msecs_to_jiffies(dst_metric(dst, metric));
}
static inline u32
dst_allfrag(const struct dst_entry *dst)
{
int ret = dst_feature(dst, RTAX_FEATURE_ALLFRAG);
return ret;
}
static inline int
dst_metric_locked(const struct dst_entry *dst, int metric)
{
return dst_metric(dst, RTAX_LOCK) & (1 << metric);
}
static inline void dst_hold(struct dst_entry *dst)
{
/*
* If your kernel compilation stops here, please check
* the placement of __refcnt in struct dst_entry
*/
BUILD_BUG_ON(offsetof(struct dst_entry, __refcnt) & 63);
WARN_ON(atomic_inc_not_zero(&dst->__refcnt) == 0);
}
static inline void dst_use_noref(struct dst_entry *dst, unsigned long time)
{
if (unlikely(time != dst->lastuse)) {
dst->__use++;
dst->lastuse = time;
}
}
static inline struct dst_entry *dst_clone(struct dst_entry *dst)
{
if (dst)
dst_hold(dst);
return dst;
}
void dst_release(struct dst_entry *dst);
void dst_release_immediate(struct dst_entry *dst);
static inline void refdst_drop(unsigned long refdst)
{
if (!(refdst & SKB_DST_NOREF))
dst_release((struct dst_entry *)(refdst & SKB_DST_PTRMASK));
}
/**
* skb_dst_drop - drops skb dst
* @skb: buffer
*
* Drops dst reference count if a reference was taken.
*/
static inline void skb_dst_drop(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
if (skb->_skb_refdst) {
refdst_drop(skb->_skb_refdst);
skb->_skb_refdst = 0UL;
}
}
static inline void __skb_dst_copy(struct sk_buff *nskb, unsigned long refdst)
{
nskb->slow_gro |= !!refdst;
nskb->_skb_refdst = refdst;
if (!(nskb->_skb_refdst & SKB_DST_NOREF))
dst_clone(skb_dst(nskb));
}
static inline void skb_dst_copy(struct sk_buff *nskb, const struct sk_buff *oskb)
{
__skb_dst_copy(nskb, oskb->_skb_refdst);
}
/**
* dst_hold_safe - Take a reference on a dst if possible
* @dst: pointer to dst entry
*
* This helper returns false if it could not safely
* take a reference on a dst.
*/
static inline bool dst_hold_safe(struct dst_entry *dst)
{
return atomic_inc_not_zero(&dst->__refcnt);
}
/**
* skb_dst_force - makes sure skb dst is refcounted
* @skb: buffer
*
* If dst is not yet refcounted and not destroyed, grab a ref on it.
* Returns true if dst is refcounted.
*/
static inline bool skb_dst_force(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
if (skb_dst_is_noref(skb)) {
struct dst_entry *dst = skb_dst(skb);
WARN_ON(!rcu_read_lock_held());
if (!dst_hold_safe(dst))
dst = NULL;
skb->_skb_refdst = (unsigned long)dst;
skb->slow_gro |= !!dst;
}
return skb->_skb_refdst != 0UL;
}
/**
* __skb_tunnel_rx - prepare skb for rx reinsert
* @skb: buffer
* @dev: tunnel device
* @net: netns for packet i/o
*
* After decapsulation, packet is going to re-enter (netif_rx()) our stack,
* so make some cleanups. (no accounting done)
*/
static inline void __skb_tunnel_rx(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev,
struct net *net)
{
skb->dev = dev;
/*
* Clear hash so that we can recalulate the hash for the
* encapsulated packet, unless we have already determine the hash
* over the L4 4-tuple.
*/
skb_clear_hash_if_not_l4(skb);
skb_set_queue_mapping(skb, 0);
skb_scrub_packet(skb, !net_eq(net, dev_net(dev)));
}
/**
* skb_tunnel_rx - prepare skb for rx reinsert
* @skb: buffer
* @dev: tunnel device
* @net: netns for packet i/o
*
* After decapsulation, packet is going to re-enter (netif_rx()) our stack,
* so make some cleanups, and perform accounting.
* Note: this accounting is not SMP safe.
*/
static inline void skb_tunnel_rx(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev,
struct net *net)
{
DEV_STATS_INC(dev, rx_packets);
DEV_STATS_ADD(dev, rx_bytes, skb->len);
__skb_tunnel_rx(skb, dev, net);
}
static inline u32 dst_tclassid(const struct sk_buff *skb)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_CLASSID
const struct dst_entry *dst;
dst = skb_dst(skb);
if (dst)
return dst->tclassid;
#endif
return 0;
}
int dst_discard_out(struct net *net, struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb);
static inline int dst_discard(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
return dst_discard_out(&init_net, skb->sk, skb);
}
void *dst_alloc(struct dst_ops *ops, struct net_device *dev, int initial_ref,
int initial_obsolete, unsigned short flags);
void dst_init(struct dst_entry *dst, struct dst_ops *ops,
struct net_device *dev, int initial_ref, int initial_obsolete,
unsigned short flags);
struct dst_entry *dst_destroy(struct dst_entry *dst);
void dst_dev_put(struct dst_entry *dst);
static inline void dst_confirm(struct dst_entry *dst)
{
}
static inline struct neighbour *dst_neigh_lookup(const struct dst_entry *dst, const void *daddr)
{
struct neighbour *n = dst->ops->neigh_lookup(dst, NULL, daddr);
return IS_ERR(n) ? NULL : n;
}
static inline struct neighbour *dst_neigh_lookup_skb(const struct dst_entry *dst,
struct sk_buff *skb)
{
struct neighbour *n;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!dst->ops->neigh_lookup))
return NULL;
n = dst->ops->neigh_lookup(dst, skb, NULL);
return IS_ERR(n) ? NULL : n;
}
static inline void dst_confirm_neigh(const struct dst_entry *dst,
const void *daddr)
{
if (dst->ops->confirm_neigh)
dst->ops->confirm_neigh(dst, daddr);
}
static inline void dst_link_failure(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
struct dst_entry *dst = skb_dst(skb);
if (dst && dst->ops && dst->ops->link_failure)
dst->ops->link_failure(skb);
}
static inline void dst_set_expires(struct dst_entry *dst, int timeout)
{
unsigned long expires = jiffies + timeout;
if (expires == 0)
expires = 1;
if (dst->expires == 0 || time_before(expires, dst->expires))
dst->expires = expires;
}
INDIRECT_CALLABLE_DECLARE(int ip6_output(struct net *, struct sock *,
struct sk_buff *));
INDIRECT_CALLABLE_DECLARE(int ip_output(struct net *, struct sock *,
struct sk_buff *));
/* Output packet to network from transport. */
static inline int dst_output(struct net *net, struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
return INDIRECT_CALL_INET(skb_dst(skb)->output,
ip6_output, ip_output,
net, sk, skb);
}
INDIRECT_CALLABLE_DECLARE(int ip6_input(struct sk_buff *));
INDIRECT_CALLABLE_DECLARE(int ip_local_deliver(struct sk_buff *));
/* Input packet from network to transport. */
static inline int dst_input(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
return INDIRECT_CALL_INET(skb_dst(skb)->input,
ip6_input, ip_local_deliver, skb);
}
INDIRECT_CALLABLE_DECLARE(struct dst_entry *ip6_dst_check(struct dst_entry *,
u32));
INDIRECT_CALLABLE_DECLARE(struct dst_entry *ipv4_dst_check(struct dst_entry *,
u32));
static inline struct dst_entry *dst_check(struct dst_entry *dst, u32 cookie)
{
if (dst->obsolete)
dst = INDIRECT_CALL_INET(dst->ops->check, ip6_dst_check,
ipv4_dst_check, dst, cookie);
return dst;
}
/* Flags for xfrm_lookup flags argument. */
enum {
XFRM_LOOKUP_ICMP = 1 << 0,
XFRM_LOOKUP_QUEUE = 1 << 1,
XFRM_LOOKUP_KEEP_DST_REF = 1 << 2,
};
struct flowi;
#ifndef CONFIG_XFRM
static inline struct dst_entry *xfrm_lookup(struct net *net,
struct dst_entry *dst_orig,
const struct flowi *fl,
const struct sock *sk,
int flags)
{
return dst_orig;
}
static inline struct dst_entry *
xfrm_lookup_with_ifid(struct net *net, struct dst_entry *dst_orig,
const struct flowi *fl, const struct sock *sk,
int flags, u32 if_id)
{
return dst_orig;
}
static inline struct dst_entry *xfrm_lookup_route(struct net *net,
struct dst_entry *dst_orig,
const struct flowi *fl,
const struct sock *sk,
int flags)
{
return dst_orig;
}
static inline struct xfrm_state *dst_xfrm(const struct dst_entry *dst)
{
return NULL;
}
#else
struct dst_entry *xfrm_lookup(struct net *net, struct dst_entry *dst_orig,
const struct flowi *fl, const struct sock *sk,
int flags);
struct dst_entry *xfrm_lookup_with_ifid(struct net *net,
struct dst_entry *dst_orig,
const struct flowi *fl,
const struct sock *sk, int flags,
u32 if_id);
struct dst_entry *xfrm_lookup_route(struct net *net, struct dst_entry *dst_orig,
const struct flowi *fl, const struct sock *sk,
int flags);
/* skb attached with this dst needs transformation if dst->xfrm is valid */
static inline struct xfrm_state *dst_xfrm(const struct dst_entry *dst)
{
return dst->xfrm;
}
#endif
static inline void skb_dst_update_pmtu(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 mtu)
{
struct dst_entry *dst = skb_dst(skb);
if (dst && dst->ops->update_pmtu)
dst->ops->update_pmtu(dst, NULL, skb, mtu, true);
}
/* update dst pmtu but not do neighbor confirm */
static inline void skb_dst_update_pmtu_no_confirm(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 mtu)
{
struct dst_entry *dst = skb_dst(skb);
if (dst && dst->ops->update_pmtu)
dst->ops->update_pmtu(dst, NULL, skb, mtu, false);
}
struct dst_entry *dst_blackhole_check(struct dst_entry *dst, u32 cookie);
void dst_blackhole_update_pmtu(struct dst_entry *dst, struct sock *sk,
struct sk_buff *skb, u32 mtu, bool confirm_neigh);
void dst_blackhole_redirect(struct dst_entry *dst, struct sock *sk,
struct sk_buff *skb);
u32 *dst_blackhole_cow_metrics(struct dst_entry *dst, unsigned long old);
struct neighbour *dst_blackhole_neigh_lookup(const struct dst_entry *dst,
struct sk_buff *skb,
const void *daddr);
unsigned int dst_blackhole_mtu(const struct dst_entry *dst);
#endif /* _NET_DST_H */
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